Essay Report on The Role of the Foreign Service in Promoting Womens Rights in Afghanistan

Essay Report on The Role of the Foreign Service in Promoting Womens Rights in Afghanistan In the essay Empowering Women: Rebuilding Society: The Role of the Foreign Service in Promoting Womens Rights in Afghanistan, Eva Lam denotes what the US Foreign Service does in order to make sure that Afghan women are no longer oppressed because of their gender. Despite concerns of imperialism and unwanted interference in the religious culture of another, the initiatives that are being exercised by the Foreign Office do indeed promote womens rights in Afghanistan, and are ultimately the best thing to do. The programs of the Foreign Office are comprehensive, helpful and pervasive in helping women exert power they were heretofore refused because of the culture in which they lived. By pointing out the gender inequality of Afghan culture, the various economic and cultural detriments are made clear, and steps have been taken to increase education for women, as well as granting them more political power and representation. This way, womens rights can be advocated for by the people who live there, and not just foreign dignitaries and military forces. There are concerns that there are Muslim women who agree with their place in traditional Muslim culture, and for whom these changes may be intrusive in their own right. Some can argue about the fact that this is a foreign country, with their own sets of rules and norms, and it can seem arrogant and presumptuous to impose one societys beliefs over anothers. With this sort of invasion of policy comes the threatened Americanization of the world, where we change everything to suit our own values. The basic human rights issues that took place in Afghanistan under Taliban rule underline the need for foreign intervention, if only for the physical and emotional welfare issues regarding the oppressed Afghan women. Despite the concerns of imperialism, the fact that noncompliant Muslim women are given such terrible fates as death, mutilation and rape, it is the obligation of those who can take action to do so. In the case of the US Foreign Office, they are offering Muslim women the freedom to take action and free themselves from objectively oppressive rule and subjugation. In conclusion, Lams thesis that the Foreign Office helps Afghan women by providing them with the skills and education to make a life for themselves independently is correct. Arming women with the basic know-how to make it in their own country leaves them less in danger of being harmed in a physical way, and can free those who choose from the oppression of Taliban and traditional Muslim rule. However, it must be made clear that Muslim women who do choose to take a more traditional path are allowed to do so. To force them to do otherwise would be a gross invasion of their culture, and a means of merely spreading Western ideals to foreign countries. As it stands, the situation is to merely give those who would like an option to rise above their submissive station the chance to do so.

Preventing Risky Alcohol Use And Treating Problematic Use

Alcohol Use and Youth: Preventing Risky Alcohol Use and Treating Problematic Use Monica Monroy PH 456 June 6, 2015 Alcohol in the United States is a widely used and a socially acceptable substance for adults of legal drinking age. According to SAMHSA’s National Survey on Drug Use, more than half of Americans ages 12 and older have used alcohol within the past month. The focus of this paper is on the portion of Americans who are not allowed to legally purchase or consume alcohol, but still count as alcohol users. This portion of Americans is referred to as youth. Their age range is defined by SAMHSA as being between the ages 12-20. This age range is also known as â€Å"underage† or under the age in which one can consume or purchase alcohol legally. We will examine how use of alcohol within these ages can potentially increase the risk of developing alcohol use disorders and other adverse health effects and behaviors which can carry into adulthood while also acknowledging prevention methods and treatment for alcohol use in youth. Since a standard of alcohol use for youth does not exist, we will use standards developed for adults of legal drinking age. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism categorizes a standard drink as any drink containing 14 grams of pure alcohol (NIAAA, 2013). A standard drink can be quantified as: 12 ounces of beer, 8 ounces of malt liquor, 5 ounces of table wine, and 1.5 ounces of hard liquor (NIAAA, 2013). 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Logistic Free Essays

1. Consider the supply chain for a domestic automobile. a. We will write a custom essay sample on Logistic or any similar topic only for you Order Now What are the components of the supply chain for the automobile? b. What are the different firms involved in the supply chain? c. What are the objectives of these firms? d. Provide examples of conflicting objectives in this supply chain. e. What are the risks that rare or unexpected events pose to this supply chain? a. b. c. d. e. Pick any car model manufactured by a domestic auto maker. For example, consider the 2002 Ford Thunderbird. a. The supply chain for a car typically includes the following components:: 1. Suppliers for raw materials 2. Suppliers for parts and subsystems 3. Automobile manufacturer (Ford, in the example). Within a company, there are also different departments, which constitute the internal supply chain: i. Purchasing and material handling ii. Manufacturing iii. Marketing, etc. 4. Transportation providers 5. Automobile dealers b. Many firms are involved in the supply chain. 1. Raw material suppliers. For instance, suppliers for steel, rubber, plastics, etc. 2. Parts suppliers. For instance, suppliers for engines, steering wheels, seats, and electronic components, etc. 3. Automobile manufacturer. For instance, Ford. 4. Transportation providers. For instance, shippers, trucking companies, railroads, etc. 5. Automobile dealers. For instance, Hayward Ford. c. All companies involved in the supply chain want to maximize their respective profits by increasing revenue and decreasing cost. However, companies may employ different strategies in order to achieve this goal. Some of them focus on customer satisfaction and quick delivery, while others may be more concerned about minimizing inventory holding costs. d. In general, different parts of the supply chain have objectives that are not aligned with each other. 1. Purchasing: Stable order quantities, flexible delivery lead times and little variation in mix. 2. Manufacturing: Long production runs, high quality, high productivity and low production costs. 3. Warehousing: Low inventory, reduced transportation costs and quick replenishment capability. 4. Customers: Short order lead times, a large variety of products and low prices. e. Typically, the automobile dealer would like to offer a variety of car colors and configurations to accommodate different customer preferences, and meanwhile have a short delivery lead time from the manufacturer. However, in order to maximize the length of production runs, and utilize resources more efficiently, the manufacturer would like to aggregate orders from different dealers and offer less variety in car configurations. This is a clear example of conflicting marketing and manufacturing goals. ———————– 2. Consider a consumer mortgage offered by a bank. a. What are the components of the supply chain for the mortgage? . Is there more than one firm involved in the supply chain? What are the objectives of the firm or firms? c. What are the similarities between product and service supply chains? What are the differences? a. b. c. a. The supply chain for a consumer mortgage offered by a bank may involve various components. 1. Marketing companies that handle solicitation to potential customers. 2. Credit reporting agencies that evaluate potential customers. 3. The bank that extends the mortgage loans. 4. Mortgage brokers through which the loans are distributed. . The marketing companies strive to increase the response rate from homebuyers in order to maximize their returns. Banks aim at a customer portfolio with a relatively low risk, healthy flow of payments and low average loan maturity date. The brokers would like to maximize their sales commissions. c. Similar to product supply chains, the objective of a service supply chain is to provide what is needed (in this case, a particular type of service, rather than a physical product) at the right location, at the right time, and in a form that conforms to customer requirements while minimizing system wide costs. However, there are a number of differences between the two types of supply chains. For instance: 1. In a product supply chain, there is both a flow of information and physical products. In a service supply chain, it is primarily information. 2. Contrary to a service supply chain, transportation and inventory are major cost components in a product supply chain. 3. Services typically cannot be held in inventory, so matching capacity with demand is frequently more important in a service supply chain. 4. In a service supply chain, the (explicit) cost of information is higher than in a product supply chain. Note that in the mortgage example above, the bank has to compensate the credit reporting agency for each credit report it obtains. ——————————————————- 3. What is an example of a supply chain that has evolved over time? Many supply chains evolve over time. For example, consider a memory chip supply chain. Production strategies may change during different stages of the product life cycle. When a new memory chip is introduced, price is high, yield is low, and production capacity is tight, and the availability of the product is important. Consequently, production is usually done at plants close to markets, and the management focuses on increasing yield, reducing the number of production disruptions, and fully utilizing capacity. When the product matures, however, its price drops and demand is stabilized for a period of time, so minimizing production cost moves to center stage. To reduce costs, production may be outsourced to overseas foundries, where labor and materials are much cheaper. 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The motilities approach to tourism regions - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss aboutThe motilities approach to tourism regions. Answer: Introduction: Commonwealth games are the biggest sporting spectacular and largest sporting event in Australia that will be held at Gold coast. It is an international event and it will be hosted by Australia on wider platform ever. There will be more than 65000 official participates and athletes and is expected to attract more than 100000 international and domestic visitors every day. However, it is well known facts that everything has its pros and cons. Hosting of such great sporting event will undoubtedly help in raising economic condition of country (Business.qld.gov.au 2018). Nonetheless, some issues are associated with Commonwealth games to be held in 2018. Attraction of huge tourists volume will have considerable impact on daily lives of people as there will be heavy traffic and there will be problematic car parking and transportation. Moreover, Queensland will experience pollution and will be over crowded. Pollution is enhanced due to tourists using plastics and helium balloons at the sporti ng event. It is considered as in issue because Gold coast is more close to ocean and it will be having more canals. It is quite possible of getting those canals polluted because of using helium balloons and using plastics.Queensland being a water-based city has a high chance of getting its marine life polluted due to using plastics. Furthermore, Gold coast is already having some disruption erupting from construction of light rail leading to occasional local grizzle and some traffic drama. When tourists go back to their home country, city will have to spend on setting up infrastructure and it will not be priceless. Issues relating to environment such as pollution, traffic drama,transportation, car-parking issue due to overcrowd are likely to evolve in 2018 Common wealth games (McKercher and Tung 2015). In nutshell, it can be said that environmental sustainability is one of the main issues concerning Common wealth games 2018 in Queensland. Significance of chosen issue for future development and growth of Tourism and Hospitality industries: The main issues that are likely to evolve from the Common wealth games 2018 in Queensland is related to sustainability of environment. It has been ascertained from some research that natural environments and excellent beauty of Australia are core strength of offerings from global tourism. One of the stronger potential draw card for international and domestic visitors in Australia are the unique natural assets of Gold coast in the world where there is disappearance of ecological habits (Edb.gov.hk 2018). Therefore, protecting natural assets of Gold coast where Common wealth games will be held is of utmost importance for Australia. For the tourism operators, sustainable tourism has become the buzz word as it lead to incorporation of balance between various dimensions of tourism development such as environmental and socio cultural. Sustainability goes beyond maintaining natural environment as it takes into consideration the economic and social impact of sporting events and associated games. Environmental integrity of regarded as one of the pillars of sustainable tourisms. Some of the key elements of sustainable tourism development are maintaining essential ecological processes, optimally utilizing resources of environment and requirement of conserving biodiversity and natural heritage (Cohen and Cohen 2015). Maintaining environmental sustainability helps city and country as a whole in generating economic growth. Sustainable development is envisaged as resource management in a way that helps in fulfilling social, economic and aesthetic needs along with maintaining essential ecological process, cultural integrity, life support system and biological diversity. Tourist visiting Australia finds the costal lifestyle most appealing followed by rainforest and wildlife and thereby maintenance of such environmental facet s is relevant. Future development of hospitality and tourism industry in Australia depends largely on management of environmental resources and maintaining environmental sustainability (Gc2018.com 2018). Conclusion and Proposing recommendations for solving the issue: Environmental sustainability is one of the major issues concerning Common wealth games 2018, Queensland that should be addressed for promoting growth and development of hospitality and tourism industry. City is becoming increasingly acquainted of enforcing and adopting some effective measures for protecting environment in the light of growing degradation of environment either directly or indirectly from hosting such large sporting event. Visit of such large volume of tourist leads to imposition of veritable challenge in terms of building sustainable environment (Environment.transportation.org 2018). It is required that such sustainability issues arising from sporting event hosting at Gold coast to be addressed at all levels such as industry, academia, in cooperation with policy makers, stakeholders and general public. Some of the recommendations for resolving the issues related to Common wealth games are as follows: Transport management- Transportation is regarded as critical factor for the success of Common wealth games, 2018. There needs to be careful investment and planning when proposing strategic transport plan during the hosting of such events. In order to host a great common wealth, 2018, it is essential that transport partners are working closely with local business and residents (McKercher and Tung 2015). City should employ a sustainable transportation system that operates efficiently and are affordable. Such transportation system should have the capacity of limiting waste and emissions so that they can be absorbed by planet, minimize the production of noise and land usage. It should emphasize on consumption of non-renewable resource for yielding sustainability. Moreover, invest should be made in waterways infrastructure Minimizing impact on environment resources- Government and policy makers of sporting events should take appropriate steps that minimize the impact of hosting of such events on ecosystem stability and supporting biodiversity. Measures featuring adjusted usage of land, public services, supporting livability and enhancement of public health, safety and security of local people, tourist and residents of Gold coast. Some of the measures that can be taken for minimizing impact on environment resources are tree selection, diverse plantation, wildlife crossings, porous pavement, infiltration basins for storm water, using of renewable fuels, reclamation of demolitation materials and minimizing the footprint of infrastructure building and venue creation for such events (Fairley et al. 2016). Tacking pollution- Pollution is one of the uncontrollable aspects of Common wealth games, 2018 and addressing of pollution should form a part of legacy policy of Gold coast. Athletes, tourists from different countries and other people should be provided adequate knowledge of environmental activities that helps in making environment pollution less. There should be increased recognition of the factors such as pollution that have damaging impacts on nature. Current tourism policies should incorporate a clear preventive approach and strategies for addressing pollution. Reduced use of plastics and helium balloons should be encouraged among tourists by acquainting them with adverse impact of pollution on well being of human and welfare of society as a whole (McKercher and Tung 2015). Tourists should be encouraged to embrace public, active transport and embracing diversity. Moreover, people should be encouraged to make efficient use of water so that they are able to tackle watercourse pollu tion and local flooding. They should be encouraged to embrace healthy products that are made from waste and renewable resources. Measures should be taken to choose local, seasonal and organic diets and thereby reducing wastage of foods. There should be the installation of renewable technologies for delivering energy (Reddy and Wilkes 2015). All this will help in bringing positive impact on tourism and hospitality industry. References list: Baum, T., Kralj, A., Robinson, R.N. and Solnet, D.J., 2016. Tourism workforce research: A review, taxonomy and agenda.Annals of Tourism Research,60, pp.1-22. Business.qld.gov.au. (2018).Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games | Business Queensland. [online] Available at: https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/commonwealth-games [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. Byrne, C., 2014. Relationship of convenience? The diplomatic interplay between the Commonwealth Games Federation and the Commonwealth Games host city.Sport in Society,17(9), pp.1204-1219. Cohen, E. and Cohen, S.A., 2015. A mobilities approach to tourism from emerging world regions.Current Issues in Tourism,18(1), pp.11-43. Edb.gov.hk. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/curriculum-development/kla/pshe/nss-curriculum/tourism-and-hospitality-studies/trends_english.pdf [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018].Environment.transportation.org. (2018). [online] Available at: https://environment.transportation.org/pdf/sustainability_peer_exchange/AASHTO_SustPeerExh_BriefingPaper.pdf [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. Fairley, S., Lovegrove, H., Newland, B.L. and Green, B.C., 2016. Image recovery from negative media coverage of a sport event: Destination, venue, and event considerations.Sport Management Review,19(3), pp.352-360. Gc2018.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.gc2018.com/sites/default/files/2017-11/Sustainable-Goods-Services-Doc-revised.pdf [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. Hall, C.M., Gossling, S. and Scott, D. eds., 2015.The Routledge handbook of tourism and sustainability. Routledge. Harris, P., 2014. The health impacts of the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games: proactive planning is required, but who will do this?.The Medical journal of Australia,201(10), pp.574-575. McKercher, B. and Tung, V., 2015. Publishing in tourism and hospitality journals: Is the past a prelude to the future?.Tourism Management,50, pp.306-315. Reddy, M.V. and Wilkes, K. eds., 2015.Tourism in the Green Economy. Routledge.

Allure Cruise Line Case Study

How to Outline a Novel (Even If Outlining Makes You Sick)

How to Outline a Novel (Even If Outlining Makes You Sick) How to Outline a Novel (Even If You’re Not an Outliner) I know what you’re thinking: How does the author of nearly 190 books, two-thirds of them novels, get off telling me â€Å"How to Outline a Novel† when he’s on record as a non-outliner himself? Hey, not only that, but we non-outliners have a name! We call ourselves Pantsers. Okay, so it’s not that creative. It just means we write by the seat of our pants. We could just as easily be known as No-Netters, like high wire walkers or trapeze artists who work without safety nets. And it’s not like we’re some crazy offshoot, like the cousins you never talk about. We make up about half of all novelists, and there are some famous mega-bestselling types among us. Does the name Stephen King strike a familiar tone? Why couldn’t we just be known as members of the Stephen King School of Fiction Writing? Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. Which Are You- Outliner or Pantser? It’s a good thing to determine early, you know. You’ll save yourself a lot of agony, starts and stops, frustration. There’s enough of that in novel writing already. No sense adding more when you don’t have to. Now, trust me, whichever you are- Outliner or Pantser- you’re often going to wish you were the other. It’s just like people with curly or straight hair. The curlies are always trying to straighten theirs, and the straights are always trying to curl theirs. Human nature, I guess. When I hit the wall at the halfway to three-quarter mark for just about every novel, I yearn for a tidy outline that tells me where to go next. But down deep I know better. Story outlines just don’t work for me. Somehow, when I plot the story out in advance, things get predictable. Plus, the organic nature of a story always has its way with me and the characters wind up taking over. They’re cantankerous sorts and never let me put words in their mouths or take the fork in the road I think they ought to. Go Where the Process Takes You The aforementioned Mr. King says, â€Å"Try to put interesting characters in difficult situations and write to find out what happens.† How fun is that? I live for it. It’s writing by process of discovery, and for me- and any Pantser- it’s the only way that works. I grew up on television. Maybe that’s why I’m an intuitive plotter, and my stories tend to have beginnings, middles, and ends. It doesn’t always feel that way while it’s happening, and sometimes I wonder why things are happening the way they are, but things always seem to come together and work out. Be What You Are Now, if you’re an Outliner and you try writing by the seat of your pants, you’ll soon know you’ve made a mistake. If you’re not an intuitive plotter, your story will be all over the place, your rabbit trails will take you to parts of the forest you have no business in, and you’ll never find your way back. You’re one or the other, so decide and stake your claim. Neither is better, neither is right or wrong- unless you choose the opposite of what you are. Then you’re not going to be happy till you switch. The Ultimate Novel Outliner If you’re an Outliner and want to jump in with both feet or dive in headfirst or whatever clichà © you choose to apply, you can’t do better than to tap into the very strange and wonderful mind of my friend, Dr. Randy Ingermanson. Who’s he, you ask? Only the Sheldon Cooper of novelists. Literally (and I use that term literally). On The Big Bang Theory, Sheldon has a masters degree and two doctoral degrees. Randy got his M.A. and Ph.D. in physics, specializing in elementary particle theory. He also did two years of post-graduate work on superstring theory. Somehow he now applies his intellect to the science of novel writing and teaching novel writing, and he is the story outline extraordinaire. If you’re an Outliner, go to his site and check out his Snowflake Method of outlining your novel, and also invest in his Writing Fiction for Dummies. But You Said I know! I was going to tell you how to outline your novel even if you’re not an outliner. If you’re not an outliner, you need to stay at least 100 yards from Randy Ingermanson. He’d tell you that himself. He doesn’t even want my business! Randy agrees that Outliners are Outliners and Pantsers are Pantsers, and never the twain shall meet. If you’re a Pantser, don’t try to be an Outliner. Then How Am I Supposed to Okay, here’s how. No one’s saying that just because you’re not an Outliner you should simply sit at the keyboard and wait till magic happens. It doesn’t go that way. At least it never has for me- although some critics may disagree. Though you may not have an outline per se, obviously you must have an idea or you have no business in that chair. I repeat: don’t go to the keyboard with nothing to say. Come with an idea! Be able to state it in one sentence. Tell me what your story is about. My first novel was about a judge who tried a man for a murder that the judge had committed. I had to have at least that much or I would have sat there all day twiddling my thumbs. Now, if you’re an Outliner, Randy Ingermanson will have you inventing characters with names and backgrounds and virtually blueprinting your story before you keyboard â€Å"Chapter 1.† As a Pantser, my thought was, come up with a couple of character names, put ‘em on stage, and start telling the story of that judge. Let’s see what happens. It sure won’t be predictable to the reader, because I don’t even know what’s coming. And if a reader writes to demand why I killed off some favorite character, I can say, â€Å"Hey, I write by process of discovery. I didn’t kill them off, I found ‘em dead.† Then What Did You Mean by ‘Novel Outlining’? That there is a basic story structure that works whether you have a novel outline or you’re writing by the seat of your pants, and it looks like this, according to bestseller Dean Koontz: 1- Plunge your main character into terrible trouble as soon as possible. (That trouble will mean something different depending on your genre. For a thriller it might be life-threatening. For a romance it might mean choosing between two suitors.) 2- Everything your character does to try to get out of the trouble makes it only worse. 3- Eventually things appear hopeless. 4- Finally, everything your character has learned through all that trouble gives him what he needs to personally conquer the opposition. That’s a structure that will keep you- and your reader- engaged and insured against boredom. And that’s how to outline a novel, whether you’re an Outliner or a Pantser. Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. So, which are you, an Outliner or a Pantser, and what will you do next?

TQM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TQM - Research Paper Example The paper will discuss the history of the balanced scorecard as a tool of performance measurement and management and outlines the detailed four perspectives of measuring the performance of the organization. The paper will also outline some benefits that are offered by the balanced scorecard as a tool of process improvement and performance measurement. The balanced scorecard was developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton in 1995 and considers four perspectives of organizational performance that include the financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process and finally learning and growth perspective (Niven, 2005). According to Kaplan and Norton, the tool translates the organizational mission and strategy in set of performance measures that will determine the short-term and long-term organizational progress in executing the mission and strategy of the company (Niven, 2005). In this case, the tool is useful since it clarifies the vision and strategy and links the strategic objectives with the measures and further enhances the strategic feedback of the attainment of the corporate objectives. The financial perspective measures the economic performance of the actions taken by the firm such as the increase in revenues, the increase in profitability, the decline in the operational costs and decline in bad debts (Meyer, 2002). The short-term financial measures can include an increase in the number of sales units while the long-term financial measures will include increase in overall profitability and reduction in the operating costs. The customer perspective is geared at identifying the market segments and ensuring higher customer satisfaction and retention. High customer satisfaction will lead to higher customer loyalty and retention thus reducing the marketing costs and increasing the business revenues (Niven, 2005). The customer measures of performance include the number

Lesson plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Lesson plan - Essay Example The teacher sets the sounds to be listened to by learners and allow learners to imitate the sounds. The teacher allows learners to ask him questions concerning clarity to what they have leaned. After clarification the teacher pose some questions to the learners and learners response shows the extend to which the concept taught have been mastered. Assignments to be given to each learner to evaluate the objectives of the lesson. Assignment should be administered both in groups and individually to determine the areas that are okay and some that need revision. Finally, the teacher performs an evaluation to determine how much the lesson objectives have been achieved and those that are not fully met in order to improve in future. Both formative and summative evaluation be used in evaluating students mastery of the concepts learnt. for instance, assigning them vocabularies to use in a composition hence putting what they have leant into practice. Also giving learners certain words to research on how they are supposed to be

Social networks Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social networks - Research Proposal Example By examining this, there is the ability to draw conclusions about mass media and how it can use communication effectively with social media for stronger influences. Literature Review The social networks that have emerged in the last two decades are continuing to influence the behaviors and trends of those interested in the networking. This literature review will examine the main ideologies of social networks and how they are emerging into new forms of connecting with others. Specifically, there will be an understanding of how social networks have changed, what has developed and how this is influencing mass media and communication. There will be an examination of what the current trends are with social networks and what is expected in the future, specifically with a focus on what this means for new media. By examining these components, there is the ability to create a deeper understanding of the structure of networks and how these are influencing the current conditions of individuals online. Background of Social Networks The concept of social networks began to emerge in the 1990s and since this time has moved into a rapid spread of growth. The concept is one which emerged with the development of Web 2.0, which was inclusive of the second generation of the Internet. The objectives with Web 2.0 were based on developing interactive platforms for information and networking among individuals and groups. The social networks are inclusive of five eras that have developed with platforms that demand different forms of interaction. The first is social relationships, which includes information, discussions and media available on the Internet. This is followed by social functionality, which includes platforms for friending and communication that is developed. The third is social colonization, which began in 2009. This concept is based on individuals that are able to receive social connections that override the traditional websites and forms of communication. The era of soci al context and social commerce has followed, which is allowing the social applications to alter according to likes and experiences as well as with corporations driving the main components. Each of these eras can be seen in Figure 1. Figure 1: Eras of Social Networking (Owyang, 2009: p 2). Values of Social Networking The eras that have been developed through social networks are furthered with trends and expectations that are a part of the emergence of this new form of working with others. The main focus with social networks is to create a definition of social capital. This means that the networks are defined specifically by the value of networking with others socially and how this leads to relationships with others. For businesses, media and other institutions, the social capital is becoming a way of adding value and recognition to various needs. Specialist audiences, target groups and other forms of social media are continuing to emerge into new forms of behaviors and expectations w ith connecting on the Internet, while new value is being maintained in terms of communication, dialogue and interactions with others that are using online portals to connect to others socially (Woolcock, 2008: p. 469). The social capital that has

Visual Style And Elements Of Gameplay Video Games Essay

Visual Style And Elements Of Gameplay Video Games Essay The first level starts with the character Gandalf helping at the Battle of the Hornburg. You are shown by a tutorial how to fight by using the controller, and also told where to go to. Completing this level splits the next one into three separate missions with different characters. One path is as Gandalf the wizard. One path is as a king with Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli. One path is hobbits with Frodo and Sam. The theme contains villainous creatures for example orcs, uruk hai, cave trolls, Gollum, Witch-King of Angmar, Mà »makil and Wargs. These are all are NPC (Non Playable Characters). Also when playing single player there will be good people with you, for example, if you are playing as Aragorn the NPCs will be Legolas and Gimli and other good soldiers. It shows lots of different of atmosphere themes, for example, rock, smoke, fire, walls, trees and buildings. Characters A wizard style character is a powerful character. He would use swords, spells and his white staff. He would attack the enemy from both long and short range. He wears white hat and white cloak. This example is Gandalf. A human style character would be strong and quick. He would use swords, and he would be better at sword skills than other characters in the game. He also knows how to use bow and arrows and is good at archery but not as good as Legolas. He would be able to attack the enemy from both long and short range. He wears black clothes and a green cloak, but when the game is nearly finished he wears a red and blue cloak. This example is Aragon. An elf style character would be quick and strong. He would be able to use bow and arrows are be extremely good at targeting and fast. He also uses two swords and is a good fighter but not as good as Aragorn. He would attack the enemy from both long and short range. He wears clad green and brown and good green cloak. This example is Legolas. A dwarf style character would be a strong and slow character. He would use a battle axe with good strength. He has throwing axes, but is not as good as Legolas. He would attack the enemy from both long and short range. He wears dark red and brown clothes and helmet. This example is Gimli. A hobbits style characters would be a weaker than the other characters. All hobbits can use swords and throwing sticks. One of hobbits is called Frodo, and he uses a special blue sword, and when the enemy gets closer the blue will glow. All hobbits would attack the enemy from both long and short range. One of the hobbits wears a green cloak, one wears a grey cloak, one wears a light brown cloak and one wears a dark red cloak. These examples are Sam, Merry and Pippin. Genre The genre is adventure and action. It is third person which is easy to use and means you can see everything thats going on. Feedback The player and the enemy NPC (Non Playable Characters) both show a HUD to show their lives. Both fighters will get effects on their life, for example, Gandalf using a sword to hit the enemy body and the effect is life will decrease a little, but if Gandalf uses a sword to hit the enemy head the effect is life will quickly reduce. That will show us the enemys weakness areas and will also make the enemy fight slow and weaker. There are lots of weapons, for example, you have to kill a big enemy and use strong weapons to kill it. If you use weak weapons to kill it will take longer or you die. Rewards The player can get rewards by killing the enemy and gaining experience points, to up to the level of the character. This will unlock better weapons, for example, buying a fire sword and using it. GTA: San Andreas (Third Person Sandbox) Game-world and Setting This uses states based on California and Nevada. They also use three fictional cities; Los Santos based on Los Angeles, San Fieroo based on San Francisco and Las Venturas based on Las Vegas. They use the name of deserts; Nevada and Arizona. They also have the half mile tall Mount Chiliad, which the character can climb. There is another mountain, Mount Diablo and different peaks and skyscrapers. Character can visit 12 country towns and villages placed in three counties, Red County, Flint County and Bone County. It has lots of NPC (Non Playable Characters) for example lots of people walking on the street and driving cars. It also has a day and night time cycle. Characters There is only one character that can do walking, running, sprinting, swimming, climbing and jumping. He can also use weapons and different kinds of hand to hand combat. The character can drive different type of vehicles for example boats, airplanes, helicopters, motorcycles, bikes, buses, trains, tanks and automobiles. The character can leave vehicles and steal other better vehicles. This character lives in a living, breathing city. This character can wear any clothes; he just has to go to a shop to buy clothes. Also he can go to his safe house to change clothes and it has special uniforms, these are for missions. Genre The genre is sandbox, which means you can do whatever you want to do. It is third person look at that person where to go to and wide range. Feedback The player has a HUD to see their life and the enemy NPC (Non Playable Characters) has same but the player must target the person to show it. Targeting lets the player kill the NPC. The player can just use explosives to bomb everything. For example, Carl can fly a jetpack and use an AK 47 to shoot the lower ground to kill all the bad gang members. To protect player life the bad gang have the weakness of not being able to fly. It will show violent blood. Rewards The player can get rewards by killing the enemy which will leave weapons and money. The player must complete the missions and will gain the reward, for example, a gun will be stored at the safe house and player can collect it anytime they want. Also they could get good cars. The player can kill people, policemen and gangs on the street; they will then show weapons and money. WWE: Smackdown Vs Raw 2009 (Sports) Game-world and Setting The theme will show the boxed ring. It will show the targets HUD. You fight peoples to injure them in different ways. There will be fans on the crowd seats. All the characters can be NPCs (Non Playable Characters) also you can play on multiplayer to fight friends on the game. Characters There are lots of characters that the player can be. One style of character would be strong and big. This character would use signature moves like; running DDT, big boot, sidewalk slam, dragon sleeper and old school (arm twist ropewalk chop). The finishing moves are chokeslam, Hell Gate and tombstone. He wears black trouser and a black v on his top. A good example is the character The Undertaker. Also there is more characters who are big and strong for example Batista. Another style of character would be high flyer. This character would have signature moves like baseball slide, arm drag, bulldog and bronco buster. The finishing moves are 619, frog splash and west coast pop (springboard hurricanrana pin). An example of this style would be Ray Mysterio. He wears shiny trouser and mask. Also there are more high flyer characters, for example, Jeff Hardy. Another style of character would be diva. This character would have signature moves like bodyscissors, camel clutch, bow and arrow stretch and kranium buster (flipping neckbreaker). The finishing moves are last call, California dream (muta lock) and snapmare driver. Melina Perez is a good example of this character. Also there are more diva characters for example Layla. Another style of character would be legend. This character would have signature moves like back body drop, cobra clutch, spinebuster and Texas piledriver. The finishing moves are Stone Cold Stunner ((Sitout three-quarter facelock jawbreaker, usually proceeded by a  kick  to the opponents midsection), Stun Gun  (Flapjack  dropped into a  hangman) and Million Dollar Dream  (Cobra clutch). This character starts locked; the game has to be played on Season Mode to unlock. Stone Cold Steve Austin is a good example of this character; also there are more character legends, for example, Hulk Hogan. Genre The genre is sports. It is third person, easy to use and you can see what everything going on. Feedback The player and the COM (Computer player) NPC (Non Playable Characters) they both will show the HUD to see their body life. For example the Undertaker hits Kanes head and the HUD will flash the colour light yellow, which confirms that Kanes head is a bit injured. Keep hitting him more to do more damage. Different ways of causing damage are grapple and Signature moves; big boots, corner clothesline and dragon sleeper. Then the HUD will flash orange to confirm that Kanes condition is half way and he is injured. After that keep hitting him and the HUD will flash the red, to confirm that Kanes condition is really badly injured. Finally the Undertaker can pin him or do finishing moves then pin him. Kanes body will be slow and weak. Rewards The player can get rewards by winning a game and gaining strength to use on Season Mode. The player must complete the missions, and will gain the reward or break a record. For example, the player has to do three finishing moves and will get money, which the player can use to buy better moves. Borderlands (Action FPS) Game-world and Setting The planet is calling Pandora. There is few wildlife and lots of bandits. Lots of rich people left the planet. The planet has lots of barren wasteland. There are many colonization ships to set up life and mining on the planet. Somebody found the ancient history of the planet, they used the aliens vault to make more powerful weapons. This vault has been lost and people are now looking for it. Characters There are four playable characters; Brick, Moricadi, Solider Roland and Lilith. They all have different type of weapons and the strengths. The Brick character is a Berserker and a tank style character. This character has very strong melee combat. Most of the time, this character uses explosives and rocket launchers as weapons. This character has a special ability of berserker rage mode. He use his huge hand to beat his enemies to death and he is in a crazy rage. The Moricadi character would be a Hunter style. This character is very strong at melee combat. He would use sniper rifles and revolvers. This character has the special ability of getting help from his pet Bloodwing, who uses its long range to attack his enemies. Also this character can scavenge for loot. Roland is a soldier style character. He was a member of Atlas Corporations private Crimson Lance army. This game is best used with a Soldier. This character is very strong using melee combat. He uses shotguns and assault rifles. This character has a special ability of using a automatic gun turret and can upgrade the range of this. The Lilith style character is one of the six known Sirens in the galaxy. This character has superhuman powers but cannot cope using them. This character is very strong in melee combat. She uses elemental tech weapons and guns. This character has a special ability of using phasewalk to run faster around the planet and make her invisible. Genre The genre is action. It is FPS (First Person Shooter) first person means when you can see your own feet, that is first person. Feedback The player can fight the enemy and both will show a HUD of their life. Also the player will level up to get better skills, for example, make one of the special abilities stronger. The player can target the enemy Skag to shoot it and it will show the hit points that are taken off the Skags life. Rewards The player can get rewards by kills the enemy and it will drop weapons and money. Crash Bash (Third Person Platform) Game-world and Setting The character must complete all 28 levels to win. The character player has challenges on each level to beat the other players. The aim is to win the trophies, crystals and gems. There are five Warp Rooms that are locked and the player can to unlock to gain the prize and it will open up new challenges. Characters The two good style characters are Crash and Coco from Crash Bash they are strong, quick and have spinning abilities. One boy has an orange body and blue trouser. The other one has big blonde hair and purple clothes. Some characters are the same in ability, but one is good and one is evil. The good character is Tiny, and the bad one is Koala King. They are both powerful, muscular, slow and have a kicking ability. Tiny has an orange body with a muscular shape, and green pants, Koala King has a gray body, with a muscular shape, and a red vest and yellow trousers. Another good/bad set of characters are Dingdoile and Rilla Roo. They are both strong, slow with a fat look and spinning abilities. Again, they both have the same movement and moves, the only difference are how they look. Dingdoile is a combination of Dingo and Crocodile, with a brown body and brown trousers. Rilla Roo is a combination of Gorilla and Kangaroo with a brown body and red and white striped trousers. Another set of good/bad characters with the same abilites are Neo Cortex and Nitrus Brio. They are both srong, quick and have a shooting ability. Neo Cortex has a large brain, with the letter N on his forehead, and wears a lab coat and has a black gun. Nitrus Brio has a long head with nuts and bolts, wears a white lab coat, and has a purple gun. These playable characters all have the same abilities of being able to walk, jump, spinning or kick or shoot and throw boxes. Genre The genre is adventure, action and platform. It is Third person look at that person where to go to and wide range. Feedback The player and the enemy NPC (Non Playable Characters) both will show the HUD to see their life and points. For example Crash picks up the box and throws it to Rilla Roo. The effect is Rilla Roo will be hurt, fall and his life will decrease. There is another example, Crash has to get on a pogo jumper to jump on all the boxes and gain points not life. Crash has rocket to shoot the Rilla Roo which will try to bomb him and slow him down. Rewards The player can get rewards by attacking an enemy to get; a good rocket to shoot the other player, a pogo jumper that moves faster to get all the boxes so other player cannot get them, and slow them down, meaning you can quickly get more points.

Rattle Bone :: essays research papers

Pieces of a Novel Puzzle “A novel or a collection of short stories?'; may be a question that a critic asks about Rattlebone. Maxine Clair portrays both arguments with her energetic writing style. A blend of random comments and many unique phrases intermix with the intense plot. Writing like this gives the reader a more relaxed state and the book seems more alive and real. In answer to the critique question, Maxine Clair is writing a novel because of an abundant supply of foreshadowing, a collection of narrators, a recurrence of characters, and a process commonly known to man as aging. Suggesting that Rattlebone is in fact a novel, foreshadowing occurred in several places during the book. Clair uses this writing method by mentioning the name October Brown, partly because Brown is involved at the beginning and towards the end of the book. Ms. Brown became an important part of Irene’s life, not only by being one of the main reasons for her parents’ divorce, but also by helping Irene accomplish one of her goals. The time that occurred between these two events in the book connects Rattlebone and is a very good use of foreshadowing. Another example of Clair’s use of this writing method is the experience of the divorce between Irene’s parents. This long-term process displayed Irene’s parents as being unforgiving. At first his wife forgives James Wilson for the affair that he enjoyed with October Brown, but after a period of time, Pearl also had her share of the fall in their relationship. At this time, neither one of Irene’s parents wo uld forgive the other nor make up with the other. This example again shows the use of foreshadowing by Clair by evolving the event over several chapters with different narrators. Irene, the narrator in several different stages of the divorce between her parents, speaks her feelings of disgust and always tries to keep her parents’ relationship together. Another side of the story comes from October Brown’s landlord, Mrs. Pemberton. Mrs. Pemberton wants nothing to do with the affair and therefor tries to separate the two lovers. Irene takes the stage again and reveals to the reader subconsciously, that her father is the man having the affair. The use of two narrators, each having a different look at the situation, may seem confusing to the reader at first, but once the chapters are all read and the whole story gets across, it becomes apparent why the change in narration was necessary.

A critical review of a story in the press Essay

The story I have chosen to review is about Derek Bond, a 72 year old pensioner from Bristol. Mr Bond was arrested by South African authorities, when he arrived for a family holiday with his wife in South Africa. Mr Bond was detained at the request of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, on suspicion of being one of America’s most wanted criminals; the alleged crime a $4. 8 million telemarketing fraud. Fortunately, for Derek Bond it was a case of mistaken identity. Eventually he was released, with the help of media intervention after a traumatic three week ordeal, locked up, in a South African prison. The story broke in a television news broadcast by the BBC six o’ clock evening news, on Tuesday 25th February 2003. The story was published by the newspapers the following day, 26th February 2003. The two newspapers I have chosen to compare the story are, The Guardian, and The Daily Mirror. The Guardian is a politically left-of-centre broadsheet newspaper aimed at professional middle- class Britain. The Guardian uses formal vocabulary to report on the facts of a story it is writing about. The Guardian costs 55 pence to buy, and provides, national and international news, policy and politics section, finance, sport, theatre, art reviews, and finally human interest supplements. The Guardian offers extremely good value for money, over an average of 35 pages. In contrast, The Daily Mirror is a politically left-of-centre tabloid newspaper aimed at working- class Britain. The Daily Mirror uses informal vocabulary consisting of common words that are easily understood. This would indicate that it’s aimed at a lower readership, than The Guardian. The Daily Mirror costs 32 pence to buy, and provides, national news, showbiz gossip, advertising, holiday offers, horoscopes, television listings, finance, and, finally sport. On average, the reader will get 60-70 pages of coverage. ANALYSIS DAY ONE – THE GUARDIAN The coverage of the story began on Wednesday 26th February 2003. It was placed on page three of the newspaper on a day when front page news headlines focussed on, â€Å"War rebels challenge Blair,† about the up and coming war on Iraq. The article, in question was headlined, â€Å"The Name’s Bond – but is he a fraudster wanted by the FBI or a Bristol family man? † The headline was printed black on white, with an approximate letter size of one inch. The effect of this is a play on the catchphrase of James Bond 007 spy films, to create mystery and intrigue, and grasp the readers’ attention. Two feature photographs 5†³ wide, and 8†³ long, in size are placed directly beneath the headline. The photograph on the left hand side, of the real fugitive is in black and white print. This image shows him looking very sombre, similar to an FBI, â€Å"Mugshot† photograph. In contrast, the photograph of Mr Bond is in colour, portraying him as a respectable family man dressed in evening attire, smiling and looking very healthy. This obviously shows the contrast in style between the two men. A further two photographs appear directly beneath Mr Bond; one of the police station, in Durban where he was held, and the other a photograph of his three children. Both photographs are in colour and approximately 3†³ wide and 2†³ long, in size. The reason behind these two photographs is so the reader is given an insight where Mr Bond was held, and too see the look of pain and disbelief, on the faces, of his children. A sub-heading occupies the top left hand corner, which summarises the whole story. Emotive words have been used, â€Å"Victim,† and â€Å"Theft,† to attract and engage the readers’ attention. Different styles of typography have been used across the whole page. For example, a bold print dropped capital letter, one inch in size, at the beginning of the opening paragraph, to draw the eye of the reader, to the introduction, and not browse over the story to the end. Directly beneath the photograph of fugitive, Derek Sykes, alias Derek Bond, a different style of typography has been used, to show a comparable section in which comparisons are made between, what Mr Bonds family claim, and what the FBI claim is true. This has been highlighted by the use of a sub-heading in red bold print. In addition to this, bullet points have been used to divide the statements. ANALYSIS DAY ONE – THE DAILY MIRROR The coverage of the story also began on Wednesday 26th February 2003. The story was placed on page nineteen of the newspaper, in contrast to The Guardian where the story was placed on page three. This means that The Guardian, considers the story of rather more importance, than The Daily Mirror. Two totally different headlines stole front page coverage, firstly, â€Å"Is Richard the No 1 VILLAIN in TV soap history? † Secondly, â€Å"MUTINY- 100-plus Labour rebels to defy Blair over Iraq. † This is typical of a tabloid news headline; TV soap is given priority over the Iraq crisis. The story began with a bold print capitalised headline, â€Å"THE NAME’S BOND †¦ † The letters are one inch in size. The headline is similar to The Guardian, but leads the reader on to the next part of the page. The typography of White on Black has been used to highlight two sub-heading statements, which are as follows: â€Å"Is he a toupee wearing $4. 8m fraudster and one of the FBI’S most wanted criminals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Or a balding 72-year-old wine-tasting Rotarian who lives in Bristol? † Each statement has a letter size of half an inch, and is placed in a 3†³ squared black box, creating maximum effect of the WOB. Directly beneath the first statement is a round photograph of fugitive Derek Sykes, in black and white, 3†³ in diameter. The photograph used by The Daily Mirror, is identical to The Guardian, but is scaled down in size and a different shape. In addition, a photograph of Mr Bond is placed directly beneath the second statement. Basically, this reveals who, The Daily Mirror thinks is the real, and false, fugitive. Furthermore, a photograph of Mr Bond’s children appears beneath the main headline, which is black and white, and 2†³ squared in size. The photograph is different to the one used by The Guardian; it’s in a different place, and in addition is not posed. It seems to have been taken by chance, rather than with consent from the family. ANALYSIS DAY 2 – THE GUARDIAN By the following day, Mr Bond had been released as the FBI’s mistake was acknowledged. The story on day 2 is given front page priority. A sub- heading in red bold print is placed as a footnote; the footnote reads, â€Å"Good news for Mr Bond,† followed by a brief summary, and the reader is directed to page 3, where the story continues. In addition, to the footnote a cartoon caption appears next to the directional pointer, which is sarcastically laughing at the incompetence, of the FBI.

12 Famous Artists on What Art Means to Them

12 Famous Artists on What Art Means to Them For an artist, the canvas is a mouthpiece. The artist speaks with vibrant colors, bold strokes, and fine lines. She whispers her secrets, shares her passion, expresses her anguish, and taunts your sensibilities. Are you ready to hear the language of art? Art inspires people. Consider the works of Michelangelo, Picasso, or Leonardo da Vinci. People throng to museums to admire their work. Their paintings, murals, and sculptures are subjects of deep academic interest. These great artists lived several centuries ago, yet their work continues to inspire new generations of artists. Famous Artists and What They Say About Art These quotes from 12 famous artists provide insight into the art world. Their words infuse a new surge of creativity. They urge you to get inspired to pick up your paintbrush and palette. Brett WhiteleyAustralian avant-garde artist Brett Whiteley continues to spur the creativity of artists, and common people, across the world. He won Australia’s most respected award, Archibald, the Wynne, and Sulman, twice. Whiteley created his art in Italy, England, Fiji, and the U.S. Art should astonish, transmute, transfix. One must work at the tissue between truth and paranoia. Edward HopperAmerican realist painter and printmaker Edward Hopper was famous for oil paintings, but he also made his mark as a watercolorist and etchings. Regular American life and the people were two of Hopper’s muses.   If I could say it in words, there would be no reason to paint. Francis BaconIrish-British figurative painter Francis Bacon is best known for the boldness of his art. The imagery that he used was raw and evocative. He is best known for his works, Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion (1944), Study for Self-Portrait (1982), and Study for a Self Portrait - Triptych (1985-86). The job of the artist is always to deepen the mystery. Picasso is the reason why I paint. He is the father figure who gave me the wish to paint. MichelangeloOne of the best-known painters and artists from the Renaissance age, Michelangelo and his works have shaped western art. The Italian sculptor, painter, poet, architect, and engineer is famous for painting the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and depicting The Last Judgment on the wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. He was also the architect of St. Peter’s Basilica. If people knew how hard I worked to get my mastery, it wouldnt seem so wonderful at all. Pablo PicassoSpanish artist Pablo Picasso has been one of the most powerful artists of the 20th century. He co-pioneered the Cubist movement and is most well-known for works such as proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) and Guernica (1937).   As a child, I drew like Raphael but it has taken me a lifetime to draw like a child. Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life. Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he grows up. Paul GardnerScottish painter Paul Gardner espouses European and Scottish artistic conventions through this art. Buddhism and Eastern philosophy have been his major influences. A painting is never finished - it simply stops in interesting places. Paul GauguinFrench post-Impressionist artist Paul Gauguin received true recognition only posthumously. His style of experimenting with colors made him stand apart from Impressionists. Gauguin was an important member of the Symbolist movement, and it led to the creation of the Synthetist style, Primitivism, and return to pastoral styles.   I shut my eyes in order to see. Rachel WolfRachel Wolf is an American artist and freelance editor. She has edited numerous books on painting such as Keys to Painting: Fur and Feathers, Watercolor Secrets, Strokes of Genius: The Best of Drawing, among others. Color is fun, color is just plain gorgeous, a gourmet meal for the eye, the window of the soul. Frank ZappaAmerican musician Frank Zappa made music for over three decades. He played rock, jazz, and other kinds of music while also directing films and music videos. Zappa was feted with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997.   Art is making something out of nothing and selling it. Lucian FreudGerman-born British painter Lucian Freud was celebrated for his impasto portrait and figure paintings. His art has a psychological angle and often explores the uncomfortable connection between the artist and the model. The longer you look at an object, the more abstract it becomes, and, ironically, the more real. Paul CezannePaul Cezanne was a French artist and post-Impressionist painter. Paul Cezanne is responsible for providing a link between the 19th century Impressionism and 20th century Cubism. Cezanne’s charm lay in the fact that even though critics trashed him, younger artists revered him during his lifetime. There is a logic of colors, and it is with this alone, and not with the logic of the brain, that the painter should conform. Robert DelaunayFrench artist Robert Delaunay started the Orphism art movement along with his wife, Sonia. His art used symmetrical shapes, and in later life became more abstract. Painting is by nature a luminous language.

Free Essays on Ace Of Aces

Ace of Aces: Eddie Rickenbacker Anyone in search of a definition for a â€Å"warrior† can do it with one word, Rickenbacker. Captain Eddie Rickenbacker became the American ace of aces during World War I by having more victories than any American pilot of that war or any other. By the end of the war in 1918, Rickenbacker had destroyed twenty-two airplanes and four balloons, bringing his total to twenty-six. The next highest American pilot had a total of eighteen, with fourteen of the kills being balloons. Rickenbacker by nature demonstrated rare leadership, courage, and skill as a pilot, all of which proved to be valuable attributes, both as a solider and later as the commander of the 94th Aero Squadron. Eddie Rickenbacker, was born in Columbus, Ohio, on October 8, 1890, the son of Swiss immigrants William and Elizabeth Reichenbacher.[1] At a very young age, some claiming twelve while others said he was fourteen, Rickenbacker’s father was murdered and Eddie dropped out of school and worked at various jobs to help support the family. â€Å"While still in his teens he took a position with the Frayer-Miller Air-Cooled Car Company, a move which proved to be a turning point in his life† (Hudson 72). In his spare time he would take correspondence courses in mechanical engineering and draftsmanship. In 1910, Rickenbacker became a professional racecar driver and by 1917 he was one of the top drivers in the world earning upwards of $40,000 a year. The tools he learned as a racecardriver and his natural talent to control his car at high speeds will come in handy when he becomes a fighter pilot. When the United States entered the war in 1917, Rickenbacker was in England organizing a racing team for the Sunbeam Motor Company. When he came back to the States, he went to Washington and proposed creating an air squadron made up solely of racecar drivers. â€Å"He reasoned that their quick reflexes, their know... Free Essays on Ace Of Aces Free Essays on Ace Of Aces Ace of Aces: Eddie Rickenbacker Anyone in search of a definition for a â€Å"warrior† can do it with one word, Rickenbacker. Captain Eddie Rickenbacker became the American ace of aces during World War I by having more victories than any American pilot of that war or any other. By the end of the war in 1918, Rickenbacker had destroyed twenty-two airplanes and four balloons, bringing his total to twenty-six. The next highest American pilot had a total of eighteen, with fourteen of the kills being balloons. Rickenbacker by nature demonstrated rare leadership, courage, and skill as a pilot, all of which proved to be valuable attributes, both as a solider and later as the commander of the 94th Aero Squadron. Eddie Rickenbacker, was born in Columbus, Ohio, on October 8, 1890, the son of Swiss immigrants William and Elizabeth Reichenbacher.[1] At a very young age, some claiming twelve while others said he was fourteen, Rickenbacker’s father was murdered and Eddie dropped out of school and worked at various jobs to help support the family. â€Å"While still in his teens he took a position with the Frayer-Miller Air-Cooled Car Company, a move which proved to be a turning point in his life† (Hudson 72). In his spare time he would take correspondence courses in mechanical engineering and draftsmanship. In 1910, Rickenbacker became a professional racecar driver and by 1917 he was one of the top drivers in the world earning upwards of $40,000 a year. The tools he learned as a racecardriver and his natural talent to control his car at high speeds will come in handy when he becomes a fighter pilot. When the United States entered the war in 1917, Rickenbacker was in England organizing a racing team for the Sunbeam Motor Company. When he came back to the States, he went to Washington and proposed creating an air squadron made up solely of racecar drivers. â€Å"He reasoned that their quick reflexes, their know...

Singapore Healthcare vs. Us healthcare Research Paper

Singapore Healthcare vs. Us healthcare - Research Paper Example ow that people of Singapore are healthier than Americans although the government of Singapore pays only 20 percent of what the US government spends on the healthcare system. For instance, United States’ life expectancy of 78 years in comparison with Singapore’s 82 years enforce this fact. Again the mortality rate of the former amounts to around 6.4 for every 1000 births of living babies while in case of Singapore it is 2.3 deaths for the same size of group. When the number of caregivers of United States is compared with Singapore one tends to get a ratio of 9.4 to 4.2 nurses, 2.6 to 1.4 doctors, six to one dentists and 3 to one pharmacists respectively. When the healthcare spending is taken into account it leaves one with further shock because US incurs an expenditure of 15.4 percent of GDP while Singapore allots only 3.7 percent of their GDP to healthcare activities. The idea is to let people take care of their health. Singapore follows strictly policy with respect to public smoking, throwing around wastes, chewing gums and all of these activities result in fines. (Callick, 2008) However these policies have helped in enforcing the health consciousness within people. More than anything, the state funds merely 25 percent of the total health related costs incurred by the people of Singapore. Again while Singapore ends up undergoing a public expense of $381 per capita, US spend seven times of the same. The state’s strategy is so devised that finally the individuals and the employers end up incurring rest of the expenses. The Singaporean Health Ministry can be quotes saying, â€Å"Patients are expected to co-pay part of their medical expenses and to pay more when they demand a higher level of service. At the same time, government subsidies help to keep basic healthcare affordable† (Callick, 2008) The Singapore model works because the responsibility is not in the hands of the profit making insurers or the generosity of the government. It rather rests in the hand

An analytical paper of the short story summer by Edith Wharton Essay

An analytical paper of the short story summer by Edith Wharton - Essay Example Then she remembered his sudden pause when he had come close to the desk and had his first look at her. The sight had made him forget what he was going to say; she recalled the change in his face, and jumping up she ran over the bare boards to her washstand, found the matches, lit a candle, and lifted it to the square of looking-glass on the white-washed wall. Her small face, usually so darkly pale, glowed like a rose in the faint orb of light, and under her rumpled hair her eyes seemed deeper and larger than by day. Perhaps after all it was a mistake to wish they were blue. A clumsy band and button fastened her unbleached night-gown about the throat. She undid it, freed her thin shoulders, and saw herself a bride in low-necked satin, walking down an aisle with Lucius Harney. He would kiss her as they left the church....She put down the candle and covered her face with her hands as if to imprison the kiss.† (Edith Wharton, Summer, Ch.III) The vocabulary used in the above passage is powerfully suggestive. It explores the two central themes of the novel – ‘different social classes’ and ‘sexual awakening’. "Its no use trying to be anything in this place," – this line only echoes the sexual repression of her times. The arrival of Lucius Harney had evoked in her, a sense of being ‘the other’. She now, more than ever, began to feel the burden of her improper lineage. It aroused in her – both, a sense of shame and a sense of envy. Despite her lower social ranking, she increasingly seems to become aware of her growing desires. This passage traces the beginning of Charity’s awakening to a new sense of self. The simile, â€Å"glowed like a rose† is provocative in implication. She experiences a growing passion when she â€Å"freed her thin shoulders†. The imagery used in these lines boldly shows how liberating and satisfying awareness of sexuality can be. This physical awakening heralds her

Case Study for HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Case Study for HR - Essay Example Quality in Human Resource Management: Effective Recruitment: Frameworks: Considering the issue of effective recruitment in quality of human resource management, one of the frameworks that are significantly associated is the legal framework. With the need for high quality employees in an organization, employment contracts are essential that binds the relation of the employees with the company and its objectives. Contracts clearly define the tenure and responsibilities of the employees and hence are an essential part of the process of recruitment. The rights and laws related to employees are important for recruitment that includes laws for anti-discrimination, legislations for protection of data, as well as rights of privacy and dignity. The five major components of the legal framework or contract of employment are: offer of employment; acceptance of the offer; payment or fees; certainty; and legality (Leighton and Proctor 2006). Another framework associated with effective recruitment as part of quality in human resource management is the systems framework. ... Outside the meso system, the macro and exo systems are present where the local economy is included, along with the communal facilities, and systems of learning, the mass media, and the administration (Krysik and Finn 2013). Training framework is known in the world of business since long ago and is still considered as one of the best methods for achieving quality in human resource management. This involves training and education of the human resource managers that are essential for the achievement of business goals. Training plans are the fundamental of any organization considering the human resource management where the modules involved include: total quality awareness; team building; meeting skills; TQM tools and techniques; presentation skills; facilitator training; project management; and quality planning (Harrison 1997). A model framework for evaluation of recruiters also has been found to be effective in maintaining quality of human resource management. This framework clears cer tain steps for an effective process of recruitment. According to this model, truthful information needs to be gathered about the candidates for interview, in effect with the moral and ethical standards as essential for an organization. The interviewers should be such chosen that they match with the candidates and proper collection of information from the candidates during the interview needs to be done. The emotional state of mind of the candidates should also be kept in focus and studied. Recruiter evaluation can effectively be done with the collected information that they collect during and after the interviews (Jones, Steffy and Bray 1991). Methodologies: In order to achieve effective recruitment of candidates for enhancing the quality of human resource

Compass Records Essay Example for Free

Compass Records Essay Backgrounds Alison Brown and her husband Gary West, who were both musicians, founded compass Records in 1995. Compass Records is a small independent recording company that centered on folk and roots music. Compass Records occupies only a tiny part of the 32-billion dollar music recording industry, competing with some multi-national corporations dominating 86% of the business, such as Sony/BMG, Universal Music Group, Warner Music Group, and EMI. However, the industry has witnessed a stagnant growth since 1995, with a decline on annual sales at a compound annual growth rate of 5%. By 2005, Compass Records had grown to include nearly 50 artists under contract and were averaging around 20 releases a year. With 40% of its albums selling over 5,000 units, Compass Records turned a profit on 80% of its titles in 2005. Brown and West also acquired a $100,000 recording studio in May 2004 in order to give the label and its artists more flexibility in the creative process and save $500 a day on studio rental. Problems * (General) Licensing vs. Producing and Own   * Compass Records has to decide between licensing the finished recordings, which is less risky and less expensive with a finite life to the future cash flows associated with the recordings, and producing and owning a master copy, which will be more risky and more expensive with an infinite life to the future cash flows associated with the recordings. * (Specific) How to maximize firm value through the Roscommon decision * Whether to license Adair Roscommon’s music or own the master recording outright.

Bill Clinton And His Many Problems :: William Jefferson Clinton Essays

Bill Clinton and His Many Problems William Jefferson Clinton was re-elected as president of the United States in 1996. During the last 4 years Bill has had a lot of problems e.g. Whitewater and sex-scandals. Whitewater is a summerhouse-area where Bill and especially his wife, Hillary, a couple of years ago, made some suspicious money-transactions. Right now the case against Hillary Clinton is pau ¬ sed, but the judge thinks a breakthrough might come if a good friend of Hillary and Bill is proved guilty. If he is judged it will be a lot easier to get the Clintons. And now to the sex-scandals; a young girl is right now trying to win a case against Bill Clinton. She claims that the president, when he was governor in Arkansore, came to a hotel where she was a waitress or something like that. He should then have asked her to come to his room later that day. When she arrived he tried to force her to have sex with him. He should also have showed her his thing. She turned him down and he gave up and said that she should forget all about this. That is what she has told, we are still waiting to hear Bill Clinton's statement. Another big problem to Bill is that he has been unable to fulfil those very big promises he gave during his election campaign in 1992. That has given his credibility and the polls a big push down. One of his promises was his health program, the purpose of this was to give people with not so many money a chance to get treated at a hospital. In US you are supposed to pay hospital-bills yourself. It is something like our public health insurance where the government pays for the ho ¬ spitals. In US it is a problem that the poor can not afford the medicine and therefore they sometimes do not get any. This healthprogram was unfortunately voted down by the republican majority in the Congress The US government has also an extreme materialistic way of getting people in work and thereby holding down the unemployment. They simply only give the unemployed a minimum of benefit and they only get it in a very short time. The unemployed are therefore forced to find a job, no matter what they have to do. This policy has also its good sides; the unemployment is very low, the salaries are low and therefore the competitive power is good. Unfortunately for the Americans it has not done anything good for the balance of payments, they still

The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood :: essays research papers

The role of a Handmaid in the Republic of Gilead is ultimately to breed, and nothing more. Cooped up in a nondescript room with nothing but her own thoughts and painful memories for company, the narrator, Offred, shows many signs of retreating further and further into her own world, and becoming slowly more unstable throughout the course of the novel as her terrible new life continues. The most common and by far the most disturbing example of this is the use of imagery and symbolism in the book. Many everyday items and observations are likened to some kind of sickening or violent image, which indicate that Offred isn’t really all that stable; for example a removed light fixture is described as being â€Å"like the place in a face where the eye has been taken out.† Other examples of this are describing a Guardian of the Faith’s face as â€Å"unwholesomely tender, like the skin under a scab† and likening â€Å"half-dead, flexible and pink† worms to lips. A tourist’s stiletto heels are â€Å"delicate instruments of torture†; fluffy clouds are thought of as â€Å"headless sheep† and urinals â€Å"look oddly like babies’ coffins†. The Commander’s Wife herself is described as having a chin â€Å"clenched like a fist†. Further on in the book, when Moira has been violently punished for faking an illness; â€Å"... she could not walk for a week... They looked like drowned feet, swollen and boneless, except for the colour. They looked like lungs.† All these violent, disgusting images are evidence for Offred’s deteriorating state of health. Other similes mentioned are not so much violent as they are strange; at one stage, Offred compares herself to a piece of toast. The author also uses colour as a powerful symbolic device. The colour red is referred to many times in the novel, most notably when Offred describes herself as â€Å"a Sister, dipped in blood.† This image in particular refers to menstruation, a process the Handmaids have grown to dread as it proves they have ‘failed’ once again. The reoccurring image of the tulips in the garden also relates to this – they are also red and compared to blood: â€Å"... a darker crimson toward the stem, as if they had been cut and are beginning to heal there.† and all of the references can be likened to â€Å"Tulips†, a poem by Sylvia Plath, written about her time in a mental illness ward. We are informed, primarily in Chapter Two, that any object that may aid suicide is strictly out of bounds in Offred’s accommodation.

Stylistic Analysis of Zombieland

â€Å"Zombieland† is a film where a lot of stylistic choices were made. Especially the opening scene says a lot about the film and the characters. Mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing and sound shape the film’s effect on the viewer. The film begins in the middle of a zombie apocalypse. The first shot is unbalanced to prime our expectation that something will change position. The shot is of the American flag, which is focused while the background is unfocused which means it indicates that the flag is of importance.From the close-up of the American flag we get a handheld panning shot of a car crash, this shows us a deeper meaning: America has fallen. While the actor stands up with his body-mounted camera it creates an illusion of a point of view shot, tracking what the eyes see. This illusion is emphasized after a zombie is attacking the character. The point of view shot transitions into a close up of the zombie breaking the fourth wall by looking right into the camera. The entire opening scene has titles in them that change every few seconds as the previous actor has destroys them.The filmmakers used bold red font for the titles. Red is used because it symbolizes blood and death, which represents the gore within the film. The titles are the actors/actress, production and filmmaker’s names. Another artistic choice is the use of ramping; the entire sequence is slowed down to slow motion. This gives the sequence a dramatic effect and it increases the intensity of the moment created subsequently the picture fade away. When it fades back; the first scene of the movie is shown. The exposure during the whole movie is half a stop darker than a usual exposure.The color of the film is natural, which gives the movie a more realistic tone. It shows the world as it is. What also becomes visible in this film is the unrestricted narration. Meaning that we are only confined to what the character sees and since it takes place in the time of a zombie apocal ypse, it gives the story a realistic feel, this because we function unrestricted too. We only see something when we are directly looking or sensing it. For instance Columbus; we see the world mainly through his eyes. Columbus narrates the entire story. Herewith we built up a relationship with this film character.We feel sympathy for him. Big motifs in the film are his rules of survival and a parallelism where Columbus is talking about the death (of a zombie) of the week with Tallahassee. Columbus mentions these things quite a few times in the film. Sound is also a big part of the film. There is a non-diegetic soundtrack used throughout the title sequence, which is rock music and when the American flag appears, the music changes to the American anthem, which is slightly lower pitched and distorted. This adds to the whole imagery of the film. Then you also have Columbus’s observations and comments that run throughout the film as well.Director and editor also used diegetic sound , which is mainly used for the growling of the zombies when they are attacking people. The sound of the zombies growling is low pitched and the amplitude of the vibrations is loud. Another big part of the film is mise-en-scene. For instance the setting; throughout the film the filmmakers made use of a lot of local areas like on location settings. â€Å"Zombieland† was filmed in Atlanta, GA so they used a lot of practical locations like the grocery store and the amusement park in which a big fight between the living and the undead played out.The settings the director and producer have chosen are not typical for a horror film since they’re well lit daily life locations. The lighting is mainly high key, which emphasizes the use of the setting since this kind of lighting gives an upbeat mood to the scene. The establishing shot of the post-apocalyptic world is mainly lit low-key to show how annihilated the world is. Natural light is not often used. Although the setting and lighting are not stereotypical horror they are all stereotypical for television, like sitcoms and comedies, which is what the film is going for since its main genre is Comedy.The overall lighting in the film makes the situation of the people in more realistic. It seems that this could happen in the real world. Another part, which is also important for the mise-en-scene, is makeup and the costumes. Costumes and make-up are different for the humans and the zombies. The zombies are covered in blood; their body seemed to rot and their costumes are ripped away from their body. The humans are dressed in everyday clothes with simple make-up. The make-up of the zombie is mainly paint-brushed realistically, reflecting the stereotypical Horror genre.The Comedy in this film is shown through facial expressions and body language. During the whole film the axis of action is maintained, ensuring that the position of the person in the frame remains a consistent screen duration and eyeline. If the a xis of action would not be maintained it could create jump cuts this could also affect the mood and sphere of the film, which could distract the audience. The temporal continuity in the film is in complete continuity. None of the sounds are elided; this makes the scene more intense because the viewer is not distracted by the sound that is slightly jumped over.The flashbacks cause certain disunity in the film, since they are not elements that fit in the already established pattern. Columbus is geeky and neurotic character, as is shown through his narration during the film. It reveals that he is lonely, and through the cinematography it becomes clear that his loneliness is the gravity of the film. This by showing how the world to him became to: â€Å"Shit storm†. The way it was shot shows his view on the world and how terrible it became. This makes him even more aware of how lonely he is since there is nobody he can interact with. He can’t even escape into his virtual wo rld like he used to.Even low-key lighting shows how grim the world became to him. The setting also contributes to show his loneliness, like the freeway, which is abandoned. His facial expression during the movie is expressing one mood: anxiety. Even when he is with Tallahassee he carries around the feeling of anxiousness and desolation until he meets Wichita. This is when the setting changes to a more colorful and saver surrounding: Bill Murray’s house. All in all, this film is about Columbus’s loneliness and how that develops throughout the movie with the help of numerous techniques as cinematography, mise-en-scene, sound and editing.

Warning Jenny Joseph Essay Example

Warning Jenny Joseph Essay Example Warning Jenny Joseph Paper Warning Jenny Joseph Paper However in the third stanza she reverts to the present and begins with but which acts as a drive word in that it changes the mood of the poem even though the pace remains the same. The list like form to the poem now reverts to a complaint opposed to a positive proposal for the future. The word we suggests a collective term for everyone and for shared responsibility showing that whilst young it is essential to keep up appearances and to carry out your responsibilities to society which she is unhappy about. However in the last stanza she says but maybe I ought to practise now this yet again changes the tone to the poem and also the pace, she is now thoughtful as the rebellious mischievous tone returns and she considers breaking the rules of society right now. This ends the poem positively with the sense of hope and excitement. On ageing my maya angelou also looks at the process of ageing. However in her poem she doesnt look at old age as a change instead she makes the point that the person behind the ageing exterior is still the same person they always were, she is making the point that she does not want people to treat her differently now she is older because she is still the same person she always was- she doesnt want people to pity her. She shows this when she says hold! Stop! Dont pity me! / Hold! Stop your sympathy the use of punctuation and repetition gives these lines a tone of anger and upset. The exclamation marks make it sound like she is shouting at the reader. Giving the impression that this what she wants to say to people who treat her with sympathy / treat her differently because she is elderly. Whilst joseph promotes age as a positive thing Angelou has a very negative defensive tone to her poem. The images she depicts are not humorous and light hearted as they are in josephs poem but are that of pain and weakness. When you see me walking, stumbling, .. When thinking of someone stumbling the image would be of someone weak and helpless or someone who has lost control of their body e. g. someone who is drunk. This hints at the idea of the persons mind being less capable and this deterioration in someones body and mind would result in them needing to be looked after and the poet doesnt want people thinking this about her. dont study and get it wrong. She doesnt want people to study her external features such as a stumbling walk and come to the wrong conclusion that her spirit and mind are also stumbling because they are not. She wants people to know that just because age has taken a toll on her body her spirit is still as strong as always.

Responsible for Occupational Health Essay

Responsible for Occupational Health Essay Free Online Research Papers Introduction In recent years, an increasing awareness has emerged of the potential for occupational and environmental exposure to safety and health issues that could lead to adverse effects in both males and females workers (Bohle and Quinlan, 2000). One of the areas of employment that received increased attention over recent years is occupational health and safety (OHS), which deals with the physiological and psychological conditions of an organization’s workforce that results from the work environment (Ritchie and Herscovitch, 1995). OHS involves in promotion and maintenance of well-being of workers and it seeks to prevent accidents and diseases by ensuring that workplaces are free from hazardous conditions (Bohle and Quinlan, 2000). The attention gained in this area in Australia is a result of unacceptably high incidence of accidents, injuries, and diseases occurring at the workplace. It ranges from occupational stress, workplace physical violence and verbal abuse, and drug substances abuse in the  workplace (Bohle and Quinlan, 2000). Efforts to improve the safety and health of workers in Australia has been increasingly recognized, and legislation has been introduced to improve health and safety, yet the number of occupational injuries and illnesses continues (Le Blanc and Kelloway, 2002). Many employers had been criticised for lack of success in reducing injury rates and failure to encourage for workplace health and safety. On the other hand, employees have also been identified as an essential factor to successful workplace safety and employee’s self-responsible is also important to OHS management (Le Blanc and Kelloway, 2002). Those who involved in managing the OHS must understand the key issues and central debates if they are to make any improvements in the workplace. To identify who is principally responsible for OHS, it is essential to first explore a number of issues happened seen as critical to manage the workplace health and safety. The aim of this essay is to discuss whether the employer, the employee or the government is principally responsible for occupational health and safety in the workplace through a brief review of a number of problems happened in the workplace that associated with poor OHS performance. Drug testing In today’s workplace, drug testing has become a controversial matter and it has sparked an ongoing debate among management. Many has suggests that substance abuse can cause overwhelming risks to the public and it is important to prevent this from happening by implementing drug testing in the workplace (Draper, 1998). However, it is also suggested that drug testing is not an effectively way to overcome substance abuse as it is high in costs and most importantly, it is an invasion of privacy (Holland, Pyman and Teicher, 2005). Moreover, there are people believe that in today’s workplace, drug testing may not be popular but it is vital to a successful business (Hadfield, 2006). These individuals have actually pointed out that when public and personal safety is concerned, the safety of the public supersedes any other issue (Hadfield, 2006). This holds true in the case of airline pilots, bus drivers and health care professionals. A person who uses drugs can be a huge liabili ty to themselves, the employer, co-workers, and the public. Drug users tend to have lower productivity compared to non-drug users and they tend to have higher work injuries compared to non-drug users (Draper, 1998). To overcome this problem, a proper drug testing is conducts to discourage drug use, and to ensure public and workplace safe from accidents. Drug testing may save people on the job by not having an intoxicated co-worker making careless mistakes. Not only it would save one’s self but it would also benefit the company or organisation by having employees who are of maximum productivity (Hadfield, 2006). That is, drug testing on employees can contribute to a safer working environment, increased productivity, and better product integrity so that the organisation may see greater financial profits and improve its reputation. However, the strongest reason for opposing drug testing is the invasion of privacy (Holland, Pyman and Teicher, 2005). This occurs primarily in urinalysis, the most common drug screening process (Hadfield, 2006). Not only does this violate a persons private life, it reveals a number of other ailments that employee may be suffering and where individual wishes to hi de and keep it to themselves. For example, it can also expose an employees heart condition, depression, epilepsy, diabetes, and for women the same test can also confirm whether she is pregnant or not. Although it is argued that employee’s right to privacy is being violated, yet drug testing is simply cannot be abolished in the workplace. To address the limitations of the testing, it is the employers’ responsibility to ensure drug testing can be carried out without hassle. In this case, an employee’s handbook is essential and it should outline the reasons of conducting drug testing, the ways for employees to file grievances, and positive results from drug testing may lead to termination or referral to an employee assistant program (Winfred and Doverspike, 1997). Moreover, employers must understand that by subjecting their employees to drug tests, without sound reasoning, they will be subject to federal and state laws. If employers fail to comply with the policies associated with drug testing, the result could prove costly for the organisation, potentially leading to hostile employee attitudes and behaviors (Hadfield, 2006). Thus, it is crucial that drug testing is conducted in a way that demonstrates the importance of safety in workplace and ensures that their drug testing policies are perceived as fair by applicants and employees. However, these reasons are not the only reasons for an organisation to conduct drug tests. It is the organisation and employer’s responsibility to provide a work environment as safe as possible for employees and for the greater good of the general public. In most cases, businesses do not care what one does in the privacy at their home. It only becomes an issue when it starts to affect job performance, the health and safety of the employee, co-workers, and the general public (Winfred and Doverspike, 1997). While it is suggested that the employers are principally responsible for the drug testing in workplace, yet the government has also put in effort to improve the drug testing policies by regulating the standard of the testing (Holland, Pyman and Teicher, 2005). Besides, the government has imposed on employers to ensure the health and safety of their employees and making sure that the statutory regulations serve the needs of employees, and their rights in the workplace are not violated. One way of doing this is to provide workers with various forms of information on drug testing and rights in the workplace (Hadfield, 2006). For example, formal seminar can be conducted in the organisation by the representatives from the government as a way to communicate with the workers and to ensure they understand the importance of OHS and drug testing that could affect on them. Workplace violence Violence in the workplace emerged as an OHS issue in the past few decades and became a cultural and media phenomenon in many countries (Lord, 1998). It has gained increased attention as the awareness of its impact on workers and the workplace has grown where it often results in terrible consequences including bodily harm, stress and emotional strain (Boyd, 2002). There are increasing numbers of studies that examined workplace violence in the last decade and have focused on the factors associated as well as the consequences of it. One of the contributions to the literature has focused on determining the groups that will most likely to experience violence. For example, Boyd (2002) explains the situation that the airline companies and railway industries are currently experiencing. Millions of workers in Great Britain are suffering mild to severe level of violence at workplace where they are constantly being verbally or physically abused by customers. According to Lord (1998), workers in transportation occupations and service industry occupations accounted for 13.6 percent of the incidents of violence in their sample, and he found that verbal abuse was the most frequent type of violent act reported which accounted for 83.2%. Each of this data indicates that something is wrong at the management level of the organisation and appropriate action has to be taken immediately. It is clear that violence is a serious public health issue and employers are responsible to take proper action in preventing workplace violence results in terrible consequences on the workers. Employers must be able to recognize the risk prior to an incident occurring, educate all workers on procedures and enforce all policies to the letter (Lord, 1998). As a key to the prevention of the violence in workplace, employers need training to manage workers at risk of becoming perpetrators or victims of violent behaviour, both to protect themselves and to reduce violence in the organisation (Le Blanc and Kelloway, 2002). Training sessions conducted are particularly helpful, enabling workers to get to know who and how to get help when potentially violent situations arise (Le Blanc and Kelloway, 2002). One way to deal with aggressiveness customers or colleagues, it is important that listening skills, conflict negotiation and avoidance tactic are included in the training program (Le Blanc and Kelloway, 2002). Despite all the training and preparation the employers have made, workplace violence does happens occasionally, and therefore, workers have own responsibility to protect themselves of being harmed. Most of the time, workers have rely heavily on the law to prevent violence happening in the workplace. It is true that the government often find themselves needing to act on this issue before more and more workers are being victimized by workplace violence (Le Blanc and Kelloway, 2002). The government has used the legislative process to address workplace violence prevention, yet the numbers of workplace violence incidents remain high (Lord, 1998). It is argued that that legislation regulated by the government are not comprehensive enough to deal with workplace violence especially it is hard to define the â€Å"zone of tolerance†, and to what extent a verbal abuse is consider as illegal (Lord, 1998). In other words, more attention should be given to the role of employers, where they hold more responsibility towards the OHS of workers. One study conducted by Dupre and Barling (2006) have looked at the context of the confirmed and employers’ action. The findings suggest th at perceived injustice or unhappiness leads to workplace aggression or violence. However, this aggression and violence appear to be reduced when individuals believe that the origination will take action against people who act illegally aggressive or violently abusive to someone (Dupre and Barling, 2006). This suggests that workplace violence can be reduced or prevented, if proper actions are taken by the employers accordingly. Occupational stress Occupational stress is another factor that can negatively influence OHS and can have undesirable consequences for both the worker and the workplace. Stress includes any condition or circumstance at work that induce a negative emotional reaction such as frustration, anger, or anxiety (Peters and OConnor, 1980). There are several factors causing adverse stress within organisations, for example, pressures caused by changes in the organisation, task overload, job redesigns, personnel realignment, and changes of mission are a few of those (Peters and OConnor, 1980). In an article written in 2003, a study by the UK’s Health and Safety Executive estimates that work related stress accounts for more than a third of all new incidents of ill health, and that in the UK nearly thirteen million working days were lost due to stress, depression, and anxiety in the year of 2004 to 2005 (Teed, 2006). Furthermore, some of the researchers have also suggest that stress in work can contribute to in ability to concentrate, sleeping disorders, high blood pressure, and unexplained gastric problems such as ulcers, heart problems, and probably most troubling, associated substance abuse problems such as alcohol addiction (Peters and OConnor, 1980). Job overload is also one of the major contributors to workplace stress and it is often happen in the business world today. It is perceives as overload when workload required to be complete is greater than workers’ abilities (Teratanavat and Kleiner, 2001). Overload is certainly a stress multiplier but there are times when a business has no other alternatives than to overload if it is to survive and unfortunately, this reliance on compounding employees already over-burdened workloads seems to cause failure within the business more often than not (Teratanavat and Kleiner, 2001). From the organisations perspective, workload means productivity. Whereas from the individuals perspective, workload means time and energy (Leiter Maslach, 1997). Finding a compromise between the two perspectives is a fundamental challenge in maintaining a balanced relationship with work (Leiter Maslach, 1997). Another factor that significantly contributes to workplace stress is organisation change. Organisational change refers to changes in business mission, redesign the structure of the organisation, layoffs, re-engineering and many more (Vakola, and Nikolaou, 2005). Most employees do not like to experience organisational change where it threatens stability and security of the workplace and hence it lead to increased in tensions. Reluctance of employees to accept and adapt to change within an organisation causes unnecessary stress on both, the company and the worker (Vakola, and Nikolaou, 2005). Inevitably, individuals who resist change within the organisation incur much greater stress than they would if they would have conformed in the beginning and in most cases, the changes will occur with or without their consent. To ensure workers are not negatively impact from workplace stress, employers have the responsibility to address stress-related problems. There are many things that an organisation can do to relieve stress on its employees, where health promotion and wellness program are ways to manage stress effectively (Jackson and Schuler, 1985). The goal of health promotion and wellness program is to assist people in adopting positive behaviors that could lead to healthier lives and integrate social, mental, emotional, spiritual and physical wellness (Jackson and Schuler, 1985). Implementing health and wellness program in the workplace will not only increase a company’s overall saving with health-related employee expenses but also increase participation with enticing incentives and benefits for employees (Jackson and Schuler, 1985). To adapt wellness programs effectively, it is essential for employers to determine what the needs of their workers are, and this information can be gathered thr ough a systematic review, assessments or other records (Jackson and Schuler, 1985). When conducting this information gathering, employers must be aware that employees may be apprehensive about sharing personal health information for various reasons. Furthermore, avoidance of the adverse outcomes of stress within organisations is dependent upon proactive interventions applied with careful planning and consideration. Landsbergis and Vivona-Vaughn (1995) have suggested that employers should avoid task repetitive while assigning task to its workers, and most importantly, role conflict and ambiguity must be avoided when designing the proactive interventions. Ambiguity or not knowing exactly what an employer or organisation expectations are, has also been a particularly troubling aspect for the workers in some organisation (Landsbergis and Vivona-Vaughn, 1995). Overall, the observant employers must be able to quickly identify and address these stress related issues before they become heal th factors among their employees. Based on the discussion on problems happened in the workplace associated with poor OHS performance, it indicates that employers are principally responsible to OHS performance, while the government and workers play only minor role in regard to this issue. It is clear that if any organisation is to be successful and maintaining a high level of employee satisfaction and high productivity, employers must be aggressive in applying any interventions necessary to achieve a harmonious work environment. Being aware of the initial and follow on interventions were equally important to the organisation (Dewe and ODriscoll, 2002). In other words, employers are the primary party that can control and manage any hazardous workplace as they have greater understanding on legislation for workplace, organisational changes, decision and policies, and are able to use their perspective to create alignment around the workplace. Indeed, there is no single prescriptive approach for successful OHS management, which means employers have to be aware of the present situation and they should have the ability to see the transition to the future proposed state (Landsbergis and Vivona-Vaughn, 1995). Nevertheless, for the role of workers, they are encouraged to actively participate in any OHS programs that organised by the employers where feedback provided by the workers during the program can be useful for qualitative check on OHS performance (Bohle Quinlan, 2000). As for the government, their role is to ensure that employers comply with their legal obligation and workers are protected by the law. Conclusion In conclusion, occupational health and safety issues remain crucial for workers, employers and governments where more and more people realized that poor managed OHS can result in a shift of adverse working conditions. Not only there is the legislation that outlines the responsibilities of employers and employees, yet employers and employees have become very conscious in regard of health and safety issues that they can see a real merit in reducing human, financial and productivity losses in the workplace. The participation of workers in health and safety matters is particularly crucial where there is a great need for health and safety information to be passed on to employees. Needless to say, employers are principally responsible for OHS issues and should develop a better performance measures on OHS as they introduce an improved systems of accountability and strive to show that the resources being allocated are used appropriately and the results demonstrate the best outcomes in produc ing safe workplaces for its employees. An organisation that successfully reduces its rates and severity of occupational accidents, diseases and work-related stress levels and improves the quality of work life becomes more effective, and sees beneficial results. Whereas, an unsafe and unhealthy work environment would adversely result in direct cost by way of workers’ compensation, indirect costs in terms of lost productivity and the wider community at large, and also in terms of human pain and suffering. 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